Kalamazoo County, MI: risk-assessment baseline packet, release 2026-10

Summary

Plan status as of 2026-09-30: Approved, expires 2028-07-04. Plan: Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115), approved 2023-07-05.

Since the plan was approved on 2023-07-05: 1 new hazard declaration (1 incident): DR-4925-MI (Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding).

NOAA Storm Events records since that date: 40 records (data through 2026-06-30).

Highest expected annual loss (FEMA National Risk Index, modeled total; see B1-a): Inland Flooding ($27,368,935 a year), Tornado ($12,265,055) and Hail ($5,818,120).

Repetitive-loss flood properties now: FMA RL 0, SRL 5 (44 CFR 77.2); any definition: 23.

The tables that follow are organized by the items of FEMA's Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, Element B (B1-a to B2-c); each heading says which item its tables support.

Terms used

EAL:: expected annual loss: FEMA's modeled average yearly loss from a hazard.
NRI:: FEMA's National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025).
NFIP:: National Flood Insurance Program.
RL, SRL:: repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss: flood-insured properties with repeated claims (definitions in B2-c).
FMA, HMGP:: Flood Mitigation Assistance and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA mitigation grants.
PA:: FEMA Public Assistance: disaster aid to governments and some nonprofits.
Zone-level:: NOAA logged the event for a National Weather Service forecast zone, which may include parts of neighboring counties.
County-coded:: NOAA logged the event to this county.
FIPS:: the federal code for a place; 26077 is this area.
D0 to D4:: U.S. Drought Monitor categories, from abnormally dry (D0) to exceptional drought (D4).
F/EF, EFU:: Fujita and Enhanced Fujita tornado ratings; EFU is an unrated tornado.
kt, CONUS:: knots (1 kt is about 1.15 mph); the contiguous United States.
CFR:: Code of Federal Regulations.
A4-a, E1-a:: other items of FEMA's Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (sources, and changes since the last plan).
Dollars:: nominal (as reported, labeled with the year), not adjusted for inflation.

Plan clock

Status:: Approved, expires 2028-07-04
Plan:: Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)
Approved:: 2023-07-05
Days to expiry:: 643

What changed since your last plan (approved 2023-07-05)

New federal declarations:: 1 new hazard declaration (1 incident): DR-4925-MI (Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding)
Storm Events records since approval:: 40 records (data through 2026-06-30)
Repetitive loss now:: FMA RL 0, SRL 5 (44 CFR 77.2); any definition: 23
Repeat-flood change:: this release sets the baseline count.

Sources: 1, 2, 4, 6 (numbered list at the end)

Plan status for every jurisdiction listed in this county: 23 rows, in the section "Plan clock: Plan status for every jurisdiction listed in this county" on the following pages.

State plan status and tribal plans in this state: see the state page.

Plan clock

Plan status for every jurisdiction listed in this county

Source: 1

Jurisdiction	Type	Status	Plan	Approved	Expires	Days to expirynegative = days since expiry	Notes
Kalamazoo County	County	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643
Augusta village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Galesburg city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Kalamazoo city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Parchment city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Portage city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Richland village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Schoolcraft village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Vicksburg village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Brady township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Charleston township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Climax township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Comstock charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Cooper charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Kalamazoo charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Oshtemo charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Pavilion township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Richland township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Ross township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Schoolcraft township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Texas charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Wakeshma township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	Kalamazoo County HMP Update (FEMA plan 108115)	2023-07-05	2028-07-04	643	this jurisdiction approved 2024-06-04
Athens Area Schools	School/School District	Approved, expires 2029-12-10	Calhoun County 2024 Hazard Mitigation Plan (FEMA plan 110177)	2024-12-11	2029-12-10	1,167	this jurisdiction approved 2025-04-14

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-a: hazard identification

Hazards NRI does not cover (local data needed)

dam failure (incl. upstream dams)
levee failure
flash flood as its own subtype
ice jams
debris flows
erosion (riverine and coastal)
land subsidence and sinkholes
expansive soils

The 18 National Risk Index hazards, ranked by expected annual loss (EAL)

Sources: 5, 6

Rank by EAL	Hazard	NRI risk rating	EAL rating	EAL buildingsmodeled dollars per year	EAL agriculturemodeled dollars per year	Cost of expected deaths and injuriesFEMA's dollar value per year, not property damage	EAL total (see note)modeled dollars per year	Storm Events records, 1996 to 2026-06-30count	Storm Events coverage note
1	Inland Flooding	Relatively Moderate	Relatively Moderate	$27,339,168	$7,446	$22,321	$27,368,935	14
2	Tornado	Relatively High	Relatively High	$7,202,913	$7,676	$5,054,465	$12,265,055	9
3	Hail	Relatively High	Relatively High	$5,742,106	$42,717	$33,297	$5,818,120	68
4	Cold Wave	Relatively Moderate	Relatively High	$1,461	$83,167	$4,287,323	$4,371,951	0	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
5	Strong Wind	Relatively High	Relatively High	$1,920,955	$60,291	$483,739	$2,464,986	164	Includes 10 High Wind and 1 Strong Wind records (NOAA non-thunderstorm wind types, outside NRI's Strong Wind definition).
6	Earthquake	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$717,115	n/a	$226,797	$943,912		Storm Events does not record earthquakes.
7	Heat Wave	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$11,349	$2	$608,071	$619,422	0	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
8	Lightning	Relatively Moderate	Relatively Moderate	$45,120	n/a	$494,247	$539,367	3
9	Ice Storm	Relatively Moderate	Relatively Moderate	$238,332	n/a	$87,570	$325,902	3
10	Winter Weather	Relatively Moderate	Relatively High	$34,070	$2,485	$256,555	$293,111	97	Includes 1 Sleet record (outside NRI's Winter Weather definition).
11	Hurricane	Very Low	Very Low	$40,559	$11,854	$72	$52,485	0	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
12	Wildfire	Very Low	Very Low	$23,195	$12	$2,242	$25,449	0	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
13	Landslide	Relatively Low	Very Low	$1,655	n/a	$3,820	$5,475	0	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
14	Drought	No Rating	No Expected Annual Losses	n/a	$0	n/a	$0	0	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).

Total = buildings + agriculture + population equivalence; FEMA values each expected death (or 10 injuries) at $13.7 million (2024 dollars).

NRI risk rating combines expected annual loss with social vulnerability and community resilience; EAL rating rates expected annual loss alone. Both compare this county with all U.S. counties.

Local data needed: state and local wildfire and landslide records (Storm Events records these hazards only in part).

Not applicable to this county per NRI, with no federal declaration and no Storm Events record since 1996: avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami and volcanic activity. That is the evidence for leaving them out of the plan.

The state hazard mitigation plan also lists hazards for this county; FEMA asks the plan to explain any hazard it leaves out.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-b: hazard location

Affects the whole county (national data give no location within it): Cold Wave, Drought, Hail, Heat Wave, Ice Storm, Lightning, Strong Wind and Winter Weather.

Inland Flooding: The FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is the required location source for flooding. See the FEMA Flood Map Service Center (https://msc.fema.gov) for this county.

Hazards that vary within the county: highest-rated census tracts

Source: 5

Hazard	Highest-rated census tractsNRI risk rating, score 0 to 100
Earthquake	tract 19.05 (Relatively Low, 64.2); tract 18.02 (Relatively Low, 60.1); tract 67.02 (Relatively Low, 54.7)
Hurricane	tract 34 (Very Low, 41.1); tract 67.02 (Very Low, 40.7); tract 15.04 (Very Low, 40.7)
Landslide	tract 26.01 (Relatively Low, 93.0); tract 29.01 (Relatively Low, 87.7); tract 67.02 (Relatively Low, 86.5)
Tornado	tract 15.04 (Very High, 95.5); tract 19.05 (Relatively High, 93.2); tract 67.02 (Relatively High, 91.0)
Wildfire	tract 26.01 (Relatively Low, 70.5); tract 29.01 (Relatively Low, 70.5); tract 67.02 (Relatively Low, 68.9)

Up to 3 census tracts per hazard, highest National Risk Index rating first, then highest score; a tract number is the Census tract number (for example 19.05 is Census Tract 19.05). FEMA's Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool maps the National Risk Index for every tract: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/resilience-analysis-and-planning-tool

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-c: hazard extent

Extent: scale, observed range and worst recorded event per hazard

Sources: 6, 7

Hazard	Scale	Recordscount and years	Observed range	Worst recorded event	Most damaging (when different)	How it applies to jurisdictions	Note
Cold/Wind Chill, Extreme Cold/Wind Chill	wind chill	0					Wind chill: in event narratives only (local data needed).
Frost/Freeze (outside NRI's Cold Wave definition)	crop damage	0					Temperature: in event narratives only (local data needed).
Drought	U.S. Drought Monitor scale (D0 to D4)	0					Storm Events enters a drought at D2 or worse east of the Rockies and D3 or worse from the Rockies west (NWS Instruction 10-1605); NRI drought counts D3 and D4 only.
Earthquake	Modified Mercalli (local data)	0					Storm Events does not record earthquakes; the USGS earthquake catalog is the source.
Hail	hail size (inches)	100 records, 1968 to 2024	0.75 in to 4.5 in (median 1 in); 100 with a recorded value	4.5 in hail, 1991-03-27	Hail, 2010-04-05, $125,000,000 property; crops not reported (2010 dollars)	Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Kalamazoo charter township (14 records), Kalamazoo city (14 records), Vicksburg village (14 records), Schoolcraft township (7 records), Schoolcraft village (7 records), Climax township (6 records), Portage city (4 records), Augusta village (3 records), Oshtemo charter township (3 records), Parchment city (3 records); and 4 more jurisdictions (see the Excel file).
Excessive Heat, Heat	heat index (in event narratives)	0					Heat index: in event narratives only (local data needed).
Hurricane, Tropical Storm, Tropical Depression	Saffir-Simpson	0					Storm Events files every zone of a storm's episode under the storm's type; flooding from the storm is filed as Flood or Flash Flood records.
Ice Storm	Sperry-Piltz ice scale (local data)	3 records, 1997 to 2023 (3 zone-level)		Ice Storm, 2023-02-22, $250,000 property; $0 crops (2023 dollars); NWS zone MIZ072		Countywide (zone-level records).	Ice thickness: in event narratives only (local data needed).
Flash Flood, Flood, Lakeshore Flood	damage and flood days (flood depth: FIRM)	14 records, 1997 to 2020 (4 zone-level)		Flood, 2008-09-13, $11,000,000 property; $0 crops (2008 dollars)		Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Kalamazoo charter township (2 records), Kalamazoo city (2 records), Oshtemo charter township (1 record), Parchment city (1 record), Richland township (1 record), Richland village (1 record), Schoolcraft township (1 record), Schoolcraft village (1 record), Vicksburg village (1 record). Zone-level records (4) apply countywide.	Flood depth: see the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map. Storm Events damage is often $0 or blank for floods, major ones included; FEMA Public Assistance by declaration (B1-d) shows which floods cost the most.
Debris Flow	none (count and damage only)	0					Physical measure: in event narratives only (local data needed).
Lightning	annualized frequency (the measure FEMA's Local Mitigation Planning Handbook names)	3 records, 1997 to 2011		Lightning, 1997-09-19, $20,000 property; crops not reported (1997 dollars)		Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Climax township (1 record), Oshtemo charter township (1 record).	Storm Events lists lightning with damage or casualties; physical measure in event narratives only (local data needed).
High Wind and Strong Wind (outside NRI's Strong Wind definition)	wind speed (kt and mph)	11 records, 1997 to 2021 (11 zone-level)	34 kt (39 mph) to 63 kt (72 mph) (median 50 kt (58 mph)); 10 with a recorded value	63 kt (72 mph), measurement type not recorded, High Wind, 1998-11-10; NWS zone MIZ072	High Wind, 2017-03-08, $13,000,000 property; $0 crops, reported for the zone (2017 dollars)	Countywide (zone-level records).
Thunderstorm Wind	wind speed (kt and mph)	229 records, 1956 to 2026	50 kt (58 mph) to 85 kt (98 mph) (median 53 kt (61 mph)); 144 with a recorded value	85 kt (98 mph) estimated, Thunderstorm Wind, 2001-10-24	Thunderstorm Wind, 2022-06-13, $2,000,000 property; $0 crops (2022 dollars)	Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Kalamazoo charter township (38 records), Kalamazoo city (38 records), Vicksburg village (18 records), Schoolcraft township (17 records), Schoolcraft village (17 records), Richland township (9 records), Richland village (9 records), Portage city (8 records), Comstock charter township (5 records), Oshtemo charter township (5 records); and 5 more jurisdictions (see the Excel file).
Tornado	Enhanced Fujita (Fujita before Feb 2007)	27 records, 1954 to 2025	F/EF0 to F/EF4 (median F/EF1); 26 with a recorded value	F4 tornado, 1977-04-02, 12.4 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 183 yd wide, $2,500,000 property; crops not recorded (1977 dollars), 10 direct injuries	Tornado, 2024-05-07, $50,000,000 property; $0 crops (2024 dollars)	Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Augusta village (2 records), Richland township (2 records), Richland village (2 records), Galesburg city (1 record), Schoolcraft township (1 record), Schoolcraft village (1 record).	Before 1996 a tornado is listed once, under the county where it began, with its whole path's rating and length; from 1996 on, each county lists its own segment. Length is not used to rank tornadoes (see Methods).
Wildfire	acres burned (local data)	0					Acres burned: in event narratives only (local data needed).
Winter Storm, Heavy Snow, Blizzard, Lake-Effect Snow, Winter Weather, Sleet	none in data (snowfall: local data)	97 records, 1996 to 2026 (97 zone-level)		Winter Storm, 2016-02-24, $25,000 property; $0 crops (2016 dollars); NWS zone MIZ072		Countywide (zone-level records).	Snow depth: in event narratives only (local data needed).

Where a hazard names more than 10 jurisdictions, the table lists the 10 with the most records; every one is in the Excel file, sheet "B1-c Extent".

Storm Events records are more complete after 1996; before 1996 only Tornado (from 1950), Hail and Thunderstorm Wind (from 1955) exist. Zone-level records whose zone no NWS zone-county file places in this county (mostly before 2020) are not counted here (the Methods page explains the zone matching).

Dollars are nominal (as reported), labeled with the year; not adjusted for inflation.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-d: previous occurrences

Federal declarations for this county: 12 declarations covering 8 separate hazard incidents counted in this packet (declarations for the same incident count once; non-natural and evacuation-only declarations are not counted).

Federal disaster declarations for this county

Sources: 1, 2, 3

Declared	Incident began	FEMA number	Type	Title	Mapped hazard	County Public Assistancefederal share obligated, nominal dollars	Flags	Notes
2026-06-30	2026-04-10	DR-4925-MI	Major disaster	Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding	Inland Flooding (primary); also designated: Tornado	PA not declared for this county	new since last plan; within last 5 years
2020-03-27	2020-01-20	DR-4494-MI	Major disaster	COVID-19 Pandemic	Non-natural, not counted	$18,218,302.83
2020-03-13	2020-01-20	EM-3455-MI	Emergency	COVID-19	Non-natural, not counted	no Public Assistance recorded		same incident as DR-4494
2005-09-07	2005-08-29	EM-3225-MI	Emergency	Hurricane Katrina Evacuation	Hurricane: evacuation support, not a local hazard event; not counted	$189,138.51
2003-09-23	2003-08-14	EM-3189-MI	Emergency	Power Outage	Non-natural, not counted	$2,547.34
2001-01-10	2000-12-11	EM-3160-MI	Emergency	Snow	Winter Weather	$198,599.60
1999-01-27	1999-01-02	EM-3137-MI	Emergency	Mi - Severe Weather 1/2 /99	Winter Weather	$115,719.33
1980-05-16	1980-05-16	DR-621-MI	Major disaster	Severe Storms & Tornadoes	Tornado	no Public Assistance recorded
1978-01-27	1978-01-27	EM-3057-MI	Emergency	Blizzards & Snowstorms	Winter Weather	no Public Assistance recorded
1975-04-26	1975-04-26	DR-465-MI	Major disaster	Severe Storms, High Winds & Flooding	Inland Flooding (primary); also designated: Strong Wind	no Public Assistance recorded
1972-04-05	1972-04-05	DR-330-MI	Major disaster	Severe Storm & Freezing	Winter Weather	no Public Assistance recorded
1965-04-14	1965-04-14	DR-190-MI	Major disaster	Tornadoes & Severe Storms	Tornado	no Public Assistance recorded

County Public Assistance: applicants the FEMA record places in this county, including any state agencies FEMA files there; statewide rows are listed on the state page; federal share obligated, nominal dollars.

Statewide declarations

Source: 2

Declared	Incident began	FEMA number	Type	Title	Mapped hazard
1956-04-05	1956-04-05	DR-53-MI	Major disaster	Tornado	Tornado
1953-06-09	1953-06-09	DR-6-MI	Major disaster	Tornado	Tornado
1953-06-02	1953-06-02	DR-4-MI	Major disaster	Tornado	Tornado

FEMA recorded these with designated area Statewide and no county, so they are listed on every county page in the state and not counted with county rows. Local data needed: whether each one affected this county.

Previous occurrences by hazard, with explicit no-event rows

Sources: 2, 6, 7

Hazard	Storm Events records, all years on file(years in the Period column)	Since plan approvalrecords	In the 12 months before plan approvalrecords	Last 5 yearsrecords	Declared incidents, all yearsseparate disasters	Declared since approvalseparate disasters	Period	Statement
Cold Wave	0	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Earthquake	0	0	0	0	0	0		Storm Events does not record earthquakes; the USGS earthquake catalog is the source.
Hail	100	7	1	8	0	0	1955 to 2026-06-30
Heat Wave	0	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Hurricane	0	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Ice Storm	3	0	1	1	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Inland Flooding	14	0	0	0	2	1	1996 to 2026-06-30
Landslide	0	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Lightning	3	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Strong Wind	240	26	3	31	1	0	1955 to 2026-06-30	Includes 10 High Wind and 1 Strong Wind records.
Tornado	27	2	0	2	3	1	1950 to 2026-06-30
Wildfire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Winter Weather	97	5	3	10	4	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	Includes 1 Sleet record.

Notable Storm Events records

Sources: 1, 6, 7

Date	Event type	Magnitude or extent	Damagenominal dollars	Deaths, injuriesdirect only	Location	Flags	Why listed
2024-05-07	Tornado	EF2, 10.86 mi within this county, 300 yd wide	$50,000,000 property; $0 crops (2024 dollars)	0, 12	TEXAS CORNERS to EAST COMSTOCK	new since last plan; within last 5 years	B1-c most damaging: Tornado
2023-02-22	Ice Storm		$250,000 property; $0 crops, reported for the zone (2023 dollars)	0, 0	NWS zone MIZ072 (KALAMAZOO), zone-level	in the 12 months before plan approval; within last 5 years	B1-c worst recorded: Ice Storm
2016-02-24	Winter Storm		$25,000 property; $0 crops, reported for the zone (2016 dollars)	0, 0	NWS zone MIZ072 (KALAMAZOO), zone-level		B1-c worst recorded: Winter Storm, Heavy Snow, Blizzard, Lake-Effect Snow, Winter Weather, Sleet
2008-09-13	Flood		$11,000,000 property; $0 crops (2008 dollars)	0, 0	BLOWNELL to OAKWOOD		B1-c worst recorded: Flash Flood, Flood, Lakeshore Flood
2001-10-24	Thunderstorm Wind	85 kt (98 mph) estimated	$1,000,000 property; $100,000 crops (2001 dollars)	0, 0	SCHOOLCRAFT		B1-c worst recorded: Thunderstorm Wind
1998-11-10	High Wind	63 kt (72 mph), measurement type not recorded	damage not reported	0, 0	NWS zone MIZ072 (KALAMAZOO), zone-level		B1-c worst recorded: High Wind and Strong Wind
1997-09-19	Lightning		$20,000 property; crops not reported (1997 dollars)	0, 0	CLIMAX		B1-c worst recorded: Lightning
1991-03-27	Hail	4.5 in	damage not recorded (pre-1996 record)	0, 0	location not recorded		B1-c worst recorded: Hail
1987-07-20	Thunderstorm Wind	speed not recorded	damage not recorded (pre-1996 record)	1, 0	location not recorded		deaths or injuries recorded
1980-05-13	Tornado	F3, 10.6 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 450 yd wide	$25,000,000 property; crops not recorded (1980 dollars)	5, 79	location not recorded		deaths or injuries recorded
1977-04-02	Tornado	F4, 12.4 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 183 yd wide	$2,500,000 property; crops not recorded (1977 dollars)	0, 10	location not recorded		B1-c worst recorded: Tornado
1965-04-11	Tornado	F3, 14.2 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 150 yd wide	$250,000 property; crops not recorded (1965 dollars)	0, 17	location not recorded		deaths or injuries recorded

The full list is in the Excel file, sheet "B1-d Storm Events history" (484 rows).

Location is the place NOAA recorded, as written in its data; it need not be a jurisdiction in this plan.

Local data needed: state-declared emergencies, from your state emergency management agency (federal data do not include them).

Tribal and special-area declarations in this state are listed on the state page.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-e: probability of future events

Probability: FEMA annualized frequency and descriptor per hazard

Sources: 5, 6

Hazard	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)unit per row	Unit	In plain terms	Descriptor	Descriptor basis	NRI events or days in its record period (hail, wind and tornado are area-weighted, so can be fractional)	NRI period	Location	Note
Cold Wave	1.79	event-days per year	about 1.79 days per year		event-days in 0 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (0%)	34	2005-11-12 to 2024-11-12 (19 years)	countywide	No Storm Events cold wave record, 1996 to 2025.
Drought	0	event-days per year	none modeled		event-days in 0 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (0%)	0	2000 to 2025 (25.25 years; D3 and D4 only)	countywide	No Storm Events drought record, 1996 to 2025
Earthquake	0.00102	annual probability at a location	chance a given location in the county has at least minor-damage shaking in a year: 0.102%			not shown	modeled	see B1-f	No descriptor (Storm Events does not record earthquakes).
Hail	2.23	events per year	about 2.23 per year	Highly likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	84.7 (modeled)	1986 to 2023 (38 years)	countywide
Heat Wave	2.68	event-days per year	about 2.68 days per year		event-days in 0 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (0%)	39	2005-11-12 to 2024-11-12 (19 years)	countywide	No Storm Events heat wave record, 1996 to 2025
Hurricane	0.0172	events per year	about 1 in 58 years	Possible	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	6	1851 to 2024 (Atlantic)	see B1-f	NRI counts hurricane and tropical storm tracks passing within storm-force wind range; federal declarations are in B1-d.
Ice Storm	1.42	event-days per year	about 1.42 days per year	Likely (from Storm Events: 3 of 30 years)	event-days in 3 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (10%)	96	1946-12-31 to 2014-02-12 (67 years)	countywide
Inland Flooding	0.5	event-days per year	about 0.5 days per year	Likely (from Storm Events: 9 of 30 years)	event-days in 9 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (30%)	14	1996 to 2023 (28 years)	see B1-f
Landslide	0.163	events per year (modeled)	about 1 in 6 years	Likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	not shown	modeled	see B1-f
Lightning	36.1	days per year with a strike	about 36.1 days per year	Highly likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	not shown	1995 to 2023 (29 years; CONUS)	countywide
Strong Wind	4.3	events per year	about 4.3 per year	Highly likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	164	1986 to 2023 (38 years)	countywide
Tornado	0.264	events per year	about 1 in 4 years	Likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	not shown	1950 to 2023 (EF2+); 1986 to 2023 (EF0-1)	see B1-f
Wildfire	0.0000148	annual probability at a location	chance a given location in the county burns in a year: 0.00148%		Storm Events records in 0 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (0%)	not shown	modeled	see B1-f	No descriptor: no Storm Events record 1996 to 2025
Winter Weather	24.7	event-days per year	about 24.7 days per year	Highly likely (from Storm Events: 27 of 30 years)	event-days in 27 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (90%)	470	2005-11-12 to 2024-11-12 (19 years)	countywide

FEMA annualized frequency (modeled) is the National Risk Index v1.20 (December 2025) estimate of how often a hazard affects this county in a year; it is not recorded events divided by years, and its unit differs by hazard (events, event-days, or days with a lightning strike per year). For earthquake, wildfire, coastal flooding and tsunami the value is the chance (or number of events) at a location in the county, not across the county, so no "1 in N years" is given and the descriptor comes from Storm Events where it has a record (none for earthquake). The Methods page gives each hazard's method, from FEMA's National Risk Index Technical Documentation v1.20.

Where NRI gives event-days, the descriptor comes from the share of years with a Storm Events record; NRI's source records more events, so the two differ.

Descriptor scale used in this packet (defined per unit)

Sources: 5, 6

Unit	Descriptor	Definition
events per year	Highly likely	1 or more per year
events per year	Likely	about once in 1 to 10 years
events per year	Possible	about once in 10 to 100 years
events per year	Unlikely	less than once in 100 years
annual probability	Likely	10% to under 100% chance in a given year
annual probability	Possible	1% to under 10% chance in a given year
annual probability	Unlikely	under 1% chance in a given year
event-days (share of years)	Highly likely	event-days recorded in 90% or more of years
event-days (share of years)	Likely	event-days recorded in 10% to under 90% of years
event-days (share of years)	Possible	event-days recorded in some years but under 10% of years
lightning strike-days	Highly likely	cloud-to-ground strikes on 1 or more days per year

Intensity bands: historical frequency (Storm Events)

Source: 6

Hazard	Band	Years	Eventscounty-coded records	Years in period	Events per yearevents / years
Hail	1.00-1.99 in	1996 to 2025	30	30	1
Hail	2.00 in+	1996 to 2025	6	30	0.2
Thunderstorm Wind (counted as NRI Strong Wind)	50-64 kt	1996 to 2025	116	30	3.87
Thunderstorm Wind (counted as NRI Strong Wind)	65 kt+	1996 to 2025	9	30	0.3
Thunderstorm Wind (counted as NRI Strong Wind)	unmeasured or below 50 kt	1996 to 2025	23	30	0.767
Tornado	EF0-1	1996 to 2025	6	30	0.2
Tornado	EF2-3	1996 to 2025	3	30	0.1
Tornado	EF4-5	1996 to 2025	0	30	0
Tornado	unrated (EFU)	1996 to 2025	0	30	0

The bands show how often events of each severity were recorded in this county, to profile how severe events have been (FEMA's probability item asks for the range of intensities).

Hail smaller than 1 inch is not counted: on 2010-01-05 the National Weather Service raised its severe-hail threshold from 3/4 inch to 1 inch, so smaller reports became less common after 2009 (NWS Service Change Notice 09-52). NRI hail frequency uses a 0.75 inch threshold.

Optional: future conditions. Not a required item in the 2025 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide; some states ask for it. The federal Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) site gives county exposure to future climate conditions (https://resilience.climate.gov/).

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-f: hazards that vary across jurisdictions

Range of census tract risk within the county

Source: 5

Hazard	Tractsrated of all	NRI risk score, 0 to 100			Tracts by rating
Hazard	Tractsrated of all	Min	Median	Max	Tracts by rating
Cold Wave	68 of 68	31.1	53.1	71.3	Relatively Moderate 42, Relatively Low 26
Drought	0 of 68				No Rating 68
Earthquake	68 of 68	8.0	26.8	64.2	Relatively Low 12, Very Low 56
Hail	68 of 68	65.8	86.4	98.0	Relatively High 24, Relatively Moderate 41, Relatively Low 3
Heat Wave	68 of 68	3.7	9.9	24.9	Relatively Low 8, Very Low 60
Hurricane	68 of 68	20.7	29.6	41.1	Very Low 68
Ice Storm	68 of 68	16.1	43.8	78.9	Relatively Moderate 3, Relatively Low 51, Very Low 14
Inland Flooding	68 of 68	1.2	19.2	72.4	Relatively Moderate 13, Relatively Low 33, Very Low 22
Landslide	68 of 68	17.5	65.3	93.0	Relatively Low 11, Very Low 57
Lightning	68 of 68	15.4	35.2	60.5	Relatively Moderate 7, Relatively Low 54, Very Low 7
Strong Wind	68 of 68	32.3	65.9	92.6	Relatively High 4, Relatively Moderate 52, Relatively Low 12
Tornado	68 of 68	45.9	67.3	95.5	Very High 1, Relatively High 15, Relatively Moderate 45, Relatively Low 7
Wildfire	68 of 68	19.6	49.4	70.5	Relatively Low 3, Very Low 65
Winter Weather	68 of 68	36.9	59.2	79.3	Relatively High 1, Relatively Moderate 53, Relatively Low 14

Rated tracts only: No Rating (score 0.0), Not Applicable and Insufficient Data tracts are counted but not used for the minimum, median and maximum.

The score ranks a tract against all U.S. tracts (100 = highest). The rating is FEMA's category for the tract's risk value, computed differently, so the two can disagree.

Frequency data for cold wave, hail, heat wave, ice storm, lightning, strong wind and winter weather are county-wide or coarse (49 km grid or NWS zone), the same for every jurisdiction; the tract range mostly reflects where buildings and people are.

Each jurisdiction (starting figures from federal data)

Sources: 1, 3, 4, 6

Jurisdiction	Type	Plan status	Repetitive lossFMA RL and SRL (44 CFR 77.2); repeat-flood, any definition	Public Assistance to this jurisdictionFEMA records matched by applicant name; federal share obligated, nominal dollars	Event records naming this placeall years; since its plan	Notes
Kalamazoo County	County	Approved, expires 2028-07-04		$10,455	0 total; 0 since its plan	No NFIP community ID on this jurisdiction's plan row.
Augusta village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$1,450.50	9 total; 1 since its plan
Galesburg city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	5 total; 2 since its plan
Kalamazoo city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 4; any 15	$86,799.45	54 total; 6 since its plan
Parchment city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	8 total; 0 since its plan
Portage city	City	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 1	$66,258.13	12 total; 0 since its plan	Includes $24,236.03 for declarations not counted as hazard incidents (DR-4494-MI).
Richland village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$1,436.25	14 total; 0 since its plan
Schoolcraft village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	26 total; 1 since its plan
Vicksburg village	Village	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$3,762.75	33 total; 2 since its plan
Brady township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	0 total; 0 since its plan
Charleston township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	0 total; 0 since its plan
Climax township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	10 total; 2 since its plan
Comstock charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 3	no Public Assistance recorded	5 total; 2 since its plan
Cooper charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	5 total; 0 since its plan
Kalamazoo charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 1; any 3	no Public Assistance recorded	54 total; 6 since its plan
Oshtemo charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	10 total; 0 since its plan
Pavilion township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	0 total; 0 since its plan
Richland township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	14 total; 0 since its plan
Ross township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	0 total; 0 since its plan
Schoolcraft township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	26 total; 1 since its plan
Texas charter township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 1	no Public Assistance recorded	0 total; 0 since its plan
Wakeshma township	Township	Approved, expires 2028-07-04	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	0 total; 0 since its plan

Repetitive-loss counts are for whole NFIP communities, which can extend beyond this county (see the note in B2-c).

School districts and special districts get a plan clock row only.

County Public Assistance in B1-d also includes applicants filed under the county that are not jurisdictions in this plan (for example state agencies, special districts and nonprofits), so the jurisdiction rows add up to less.

Supports FEMA checklist items B2-a and B2-b: vulnerability and potential impacts

Local data needed

The table below gives county-level starting figures; the plan describes impacts for each jurisdiction and its own assets.

Critical facilities and lifelines per hazard
A problem statement per jurisdiction per hazard
Changes in development in hazard-prone areas since the last approval, or a statement of none (E1-a)
Future assets

County-level starter: exposure, expected annual loss and damage since the plan

Sources: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

Hazard	Building exposuremodeled dollars	Agriculture exposuremodeled dollars	Population exposedpeople	EAL buildingsmodeled dollars per year	EAL agriculturemodeled dollars per year	Cost of expected deaths and injuriesFEMA's dollar value per year, not property damage	EAL as % of exposurebuildings; agriculture where noted	Storm Events damage since 2023-07-05county-coded records, property plus crops, nominal dollars	Zone-level damage since planproperty plus crops, reported for the zone	Public Assistance since plannominal dollars; see note	Note
Cold Wave	$54,669,702,435	$305,021,785	261,632	$1,461	$83,167	$4,287,323	under 0.0001%
Drought	n/a	$0	n/a	n/a	$0	n/a					agriculture exposure is 0 in NRI
Earthquake	$97,642,963,512	n/a	261,670	$717,115	n/a	$226,797	0.000734%
Hail	$54,669,702,435	$305,021,785	261,632	$5,742,106	$42,717	$33,297	0.0105%	$500,000
Heat Wave	$54,669,702,435	$305,021,785	261,632	$11,349	$2	$608,071	under 0.0001%
Hurricane	$53,602,222,778	$292,580,689	258,267	$40,559	$11,854	$72	under 0.0001%
Ice Storm	$54,668,285,270	n/a	261,628	$238,332	n/a	$87,570	0.000436%
Inland Flooding	$54,638,003,906	$1,648,108	2,280	$27,339,168	$7,446	$22,321	n/a (see note)			no Public Assistance recorded (1 declaration)	NRI counts the full building value of any census block with some flood loss; this is not the value of buildings in the floodplain. Use local FIRM overlays for B2-a/B2-b.
Landslide	$644,447,970	n/a	3,183	$1,655	n/a	$3,820	0.000257%
Lightning	$54,669,702,435	n/a	261,632	$45,120	n/a	$494,247	under 0.0001%
Strong Wind	$54,669,702,435	$305,021,785	261,632	$1,920,955	$60,291	$483,739	0.00351%	$1,020,000
Tornado	$54,669,702,435	$305,021,785	261,632	$7,202,913	$7,676	$5,054,465	0.0132%	$50,000,000		no Public Assistance recorded (1 declaration)
Wildfire	$19,125,212,371	$103,389,643	93,862	$23,195	$12	$2,242	0.000121%
Winter Weather	$54,669,702,435	$305,021,785	261,632	$34,070	$2,485	$256,555	under 0.0001%		$0

Totals since 2023-07-05 (Storm Events through 2026-06-30): 35 county-coded records, 11 with a damage value recorded (including $0), $51,520,000; 5 zone-level records, 1 with a damage value recorded (including $0), $0 reported for the zone; Public Assistance: none recorded on the 1 counted declaration.

FEMA does not split Public Assistance by hazard. A declaration mapped to several hazards is listed under each of them with its full amount, so the per-hazard column does not add up to the total; the unit total counts each declaration once.

NRI computes earthquake exposure on its own basis, so it exceeds the county building value in B2-a.

Supports FEMA checklist item B2-a: vulnerability (county context)

County context

Source: 5

Measure	Value
Population	261,632
Building value (total, not at risk)	$54,669,702,435
Agriculture value (total, not at risk)	$305,021,785
NRI risk rating (all hazards)	Relatively Moderate
Expected annual loss, buildings and agriculture, all hazards	$43,533,650
Expected annual loss, population equivalence, all hazards (NRI values each statistical life at $13.7M; a modeled value of expected deaths and injuries, not property damage)	$11,560,518
Social vulnerability rating	Very Low
Community resilience rating	Very High
NRI version	December 2025

FEMA's all-hazard expected annual loss adds buildings, agriculture and population equivalence; this table gives the property part and the population-equivalence part as separate rows.

Social vulnerability: higher means people are more likely to be harmed and slower to recover. Community resilience: lower means the community is less able to recover. High social vulnerability and low resilience both raise the NRI risk rating.

Supports FEMA checklist item B2-c: repetitive loss properties

Repetitive loss in this county, both definitions

Sources: 1, 4

Definition	Properties	Severe repetitive loss	Properties
Repetitive loss, FMA definition (44 CFR 77.2)	0	Severe repetitive loss, FMA definition (44 CFR 77.2)	5
Repetitive loss, NFIP insurance definition	23	Severe repetitive loss, NFIP insurance definition	5

The state NFIP coordinator's list, the source FEMA's Handbook names, often uses the NFIP insurance definition (second row).

Repeat-flood properties: county and state-level rows

Sources: 1, 4

Scope	SRL, FMAproperties	RL, NFIPproperties	SRL, NFIPproperties	Any categoryproperties	Currently insuredproperties
County total	5	23	5	23	10
of which: Kalamazoo city	4	15	4	15	6
of which: Comstock charter township	0	3	0	3	1
of which: Kalamazoo charter township	1	3	1	3	1
of which: Portage city	0	1	0	1	1
of which: Texas charter township	0	1	0	1	1
Statewide, no county in FEMA's file	0	4	0	4	0

The statewide row counts properties FEMA's file gives with no county in this state; they are listed for reference and are not in this county's counts.

Repeat-flood properties by jurisdiction in the plan (NFIP community)

Sources: 1, 4

Jurisdiction	NFIP community ID	SRL, FMAproperties	RL, NFIPproperties	SRL, NFIPproperties	Any categoryproperties	Currently insuredproperties
Augusta village	260312	0	0	0	0	0
Galesburg city	260576	0	0	0	0	0
Kalamazoo city	260315	4	15	4	15	6
Parchment city	260319	0	0	0	0	0
Portage city	260577	0	1	0	1	1
Richland village	261015	0	0	0	0	0
Schoolcraft village	261386	0	0	0	0	0
Vicksburg village	260578	0	0	0	0	0
Brady township	261388	0	0	0	0	0
Charleston township	260426	0	0	0	0	0
Climax township	261389	0	0	0	0	0
Comstock charter township	260427	0	3	0	3	1
Cooper charter township	260428	0	0	0	0	0
Kalamazoo charter township	260429	1	3	1	3	1
Oshtemo charter township	260736	0	0	0	0	0
Pavilion township	260907	0	0	0	0	0
Richland township	260885	0	0	0	0	0
Ross township	260624	0	0	0	0	0
Schoolcraft township	261394	0	0	0	0	0
Texas charter township	261395	0	1	0	1	1
Wakeshma township	261396	0	0	0	0	0

Counts by occupancy group for each jurisdiction are in the Excel file, sheet "B2-c Jurisdictions".

Jurisdiction rows are whole NFIP communities and need not add up to the county total: a community that extends into another county is counted in full on each jurisdiction row, while the county table counts only its part in this county.

County repeat-flood properties by occupancy group

Sources: 1, 4

Occupancy group	SRL, FMAproperties	RL, NFIPproperties	SRL, NFIPproperties	Any categoryproperties	Currently insuredproperties
single-family residential	2	14	2	14	5
2 to 4 unit residential	0	2	0	2	1
other residential	0	0	0	0	0
non-residential	3	7	3	7	4
not reported	0	0	0	0	0

FEMA's occupancy groups have no institutional class; institutional properties are counted in non-residential or other residential in the table by occupancy group.

FMA RL and FMA SRL are the Flood Mitigation Assistance definitions (44 CFR 77.2), the ones the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide cites. NFIP repetitive loss (the FEMA insurance definition) is 2 or more claims over $1,000 in 10 years, and a property can leave that group once it is mitigated. Also shown: NFIP severe repetitive loss, any category, mitigated and currently insured. The Methods page gives the OpenFEMA field details.

Counts are aggregates of FEMA's public NFIP Multiple Loss Properties file (FEMA's data date 2026-08-02; file version 2026-08-04). No property is identified. County assignment is FEMA's geocode.

In this county 0 properties are FMA repetitive loss but not NFIP repetitive loss, and 23 properties are NFIP repetitive loss but not FMA repetitive loss.

Exact counts; no count suppression.

Sources

Tables cite these sources by number. The full list, for the plan's bibliography (FEMA review item A4-a):

FEMA, OpenFEMA HazardMitigationPlanStatuses v1, version 2026-09-29T134039Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v1/HazardMitigationPlanStatuses (API)
FEMA, OpenFEMA DisasterDeclarationsSummaries v2, version 2026-09-29T162832Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries (API)
FEMA, OpenFEMA PublicAssistanceFundedProjectsSummaries v1, version 2026-09-29T150754Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v1/PublicAssistanceFundedProjectsSummaries (API)
FEMA, OpenFEMA NfipMultipleLossProperties v1, version 2026-08-04T164045Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v1/NfipMultipleLossProperties (API)
FEMA, FEMA National Risk Index 1.20.0 (December 2025), county and census tract tables, version 1.20.0, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/about/reports-and-data/openfema/nri/v120/NRI_Table_Counties.zip (download, 25 MB), https://www.fema.gov/about/reports-and-data/openfema/nri/v120/NRI_Table_CensusTracts.zip (download, 635 MB)
NOAA NCEI, NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, details files (csvfiles v1.0), version c20260918, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/swdi/stormevents/csvfiles/
NOAA National Weather Service, NWS county-public forecast zones correlation file, version bp03mr20 to bp16ap26 (11 files; newest bp16ap26), pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.weather.gov/gis/ZoneCounty
U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2024 Gazetteer, 2020 place by county, CT county-to-cousub crosswalk, version 2024-gazetteer, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_counties_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_cousubs_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_place_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_unsd_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_elsd_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_scsd_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/codes2020/national_place_by_county2020.txt, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/ct_change/ct_cou_to_cousub_crosswalk.xlsx (used to match place names and codes; no table prints its values)

What this packet is and what the plan adds

This packet is the federal data for the plan's risk assessment, organized by the items of FEMA's Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, Element B. Each section heading names the item its tables support; the plan and FEMA's review decide whether the item is met.

The plan adds what only the community has: local data on assets, critical facilities, development and each jurisdiction's impacts; local hazard history, including state-declared emergencies; the mitigation strategy; and adoption.

How the federal data are built: National Risk Index values are FEMA's model, not counts of events. Storm Events is more complete from 1996; zone-level records are placed by forecast zone, not by location in the county. Public Assistance for a jurisdiction is matched by applicant name. The Methods page gives every rule and the known edge cases.

OpenFEMA disclaimer

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

Reuse, citation and corrections

Reuse and citation: Hazard Plain text and tables are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); credit Hazard Plain and the release. The underlying federal data are public domain; OpenFEMA data are also subject to the OpenFEMA terms and conditions.

Cite this: Hazard Plain (2026). Kalamazoo County, MI: risk-assessment baseline packet, release 2026-10 (data as of 2026-09-30; County FIPS 26077). Automated baseline. https://hazardplain.org/mi/26077/ Built from FEMA OpenFEMA, the FEMA National Risk Index and NOAA NCEI Storm Events; source versions in the packet's Sources list.

Corrections: to report an error, name the packet, the table and what your records show. Contact: contact@hazardplain.org

Hazard Plain release 2026-10. As of 2026-09-30; Storm Events data through 2026-06-30. Automated baseline.