Dixon County, NE: risk-assessment baseline packet, release 2026-10

Summary

Plan status as of 2026-09-30: Approved, expires 2030-08-11. Plan: Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783), approved 2025-08-12.

Since the plan was approved on 2025-08-12: no new hazard declaration and 21 NOAA Storm Events records; details under "What changed since your last plan".

Highest expected annual loss (FEMA National Risk Index, modeled total; see B1-a): Inland Flooding ($2,143,970 a year), Hail ($1,020,673) and Tornado ($955,769).

The tables that follow are organized by the items of FEMA's Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, Element B (B1-a to B2-c); each heading says which item its tables support.

Terms used

EAL:: expected annual loss: FEMA's modeled average yearly loss from a hazard.
NRI:: FEMA's National Risk Index (version 1.20, December 2025).
NFIP:: National Flood Insurance Program.
RL, SRL:: repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss: flood-insured properties with repeated claims (definitions in B2-c).
FMA, HMGP:: Flood Mitigation Assistance and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA mitigation grants.
PA:: FEMA Public Assistance: disaster aid to governments and some nonprofits.
Zone-level:: NOAA logged the event for a National Weather Service forecast zone, which may include parts of neighboring counties.
County-coded:: NOAA logged the event to this county.
FIPS:: the federal code for a place; 31051 is this area.
D0 to D4:: U.S. Drought Monitor categories, from abnormally dry (D0) to exceptional drought (D4).
F/EF, EFU:: Fujita and Enhanced Fujita tornado ratings; EFU is an unrated tornado.
kt, CONUS:: knots (1 kt is about 1.15 mph); the contiguous United States.
CFR:: Code of Federal Regulations.
A4-a, E1-a:: other items of FEMA's Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (sources, and changes since the last plan).
Dollars:: nominal (as reported, labeled with the year), not adjusted for inflation.

Plan clock

Status:: Approved, expires 2030-08-11
Plan:: Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)
Approved:: 2025-08-12
Days to expiry:: 1,411

What changed since your last plan (approved 2025-08-12)

New federal declarations:: none
Storm Events records since approval:: 21 records (data through 2026-06-30)
Repetitive loss now:: FMA RL 0, SRL 0 (44 CFR 77.2); any definition: 0
Repeat-flood change:: this release sets the baseline count.

Sources: 1, 2, 4, 6 (numbered list at the end)

Plan status for every jurisdiction listed in this county: 21 rows, in the section "Plan clock: Plan status for every jurisdiction listed in this county" on the following pages.

State plan status and tribal plans in this state: see the state page.

Plan clock

Plan status for every jurisdiction listed in this county

Source: 1

Jurisdiction	Type	Status	Plan	Approved	Expires	Days to expirynegative = days since expiry	Update underway	Notes
Dixon County	County	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Allen village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Concord village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Dixon village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Martinsburg village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Maskell village	Village	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75	FEMA tracker shows a plan approvable pending adoption	Not yet eligible: adopt the approved plan. this jurisdiction approved 2022-05-09
Newcastle village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Ponca city	City	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Wakefield city	City	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Waterbury village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Emerson-Hubbard Public Schools	School/School District	Expired on 2026-06-14	Papio-Missouri River NRD (FEMA plan 107490)	2021-06-14	2026-06-14	-108		this jurisdiction approved 2022-07-05
Hartington Newcastle Public Schools	School/School District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-07-05
Laurel-Concord-Coleridge School	School/School District	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Ponca Public Schools	School/School District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-04-25
Wynot Public Schools	School/School District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75
Allen Waterbury Vol Fire/Resue	Fire/EMS District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-05-09
Dixon Fire Department	Fire/EMS District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-04-11
Lewis and Clark Natural Resource District	Natural Resources	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	Lower Elkhorn NRD (FEMA plan 110783)	2025-08-12	2030-08-11	1,411		this jurisdiction approved 2025-10-02
Newcastle Vol Fire/Rescue	Fire/EMS District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-05-09
Northeast Nebraska Public Health Department	Hospital/Medical Facility	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-03-01
Ponca Volunteer Fire Rescue	Fire/EMS District	Expired on 2026-07-17	Cedar - Dixon Counties (FEMA plan 107568)	2021-07-17	2026-07-17	-75		this jurisdiction approved 2022-03-14

Plan 110783 lists 73 other participants not on this page, 9 of them not covered by it yet (named in the Excel file).

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-a: hazard identification

Hazards NRI does not cover (local data needed)

dam failure (incl. upstream dams)
levee failure
flash flood as its own subtype
ice jams
debris flows
erosion (riverine and coastal)
land subsidence and sinkholes
expansive soils

The 18 National Risk Index hazards, ranked by expected annual loss (EAL)

Sources: 5, 6

Rank by EAL	Hazard	NRI risk rating	EAL rating	EAL buildingsmodeled dollars per year	EAL agriculturemodeled dollars per year	Cost of expected deaths and injuriesFEMA's dollar value per year, not property damage	EAL total (see note)modeled dollars per year	Storm Events records, 1996 to 2026-06-30count	Why this hazard can be left outNRI Not Applicable, no declaration and no Storm Events record since 1996	Storm Events coverage note
1	Inland Flooding	Very Low	Very Low	$2,138,910	$4,764	$295	$2,143,970	37
2	Hail	Relatively Moderate	Relatively Moderate	$127,170	$856,629	$36,874	$1,020,673	158
3	Tornado	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$396,819	$14,181	$544,769	$955,769	11
4	Drought	Relatively Moderate	Relatively Moderate	n/a	$885,360	n/a	$885,360	59
5	Strong Wind	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$119,409	$49,831	$101,408	$270,649	130		Includes 31 High Wind and 3 Strong Wind records (NOAA non-thunderstorm wind types, outside NRI's Strong Wind definition).
6	Cold Wave	Very Low	Relatively Low	$153	$42,025	$205,868	$248,045	20
7	Heat Wave	Very Low	Relatively Low	$3,953	$7	$194,752	$198,712	27
8	Wildfire	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$191,592	$411	$6,604	$198,607	0		No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
9	Ice Storm	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$16,262	n/a	$41,423	$57,685	3
10	Lightning	Very Low	Very Low	$6,298	n/a	$28,754	$35,052	2
11	Winter Weather	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$30,312	$297	$3,667	$34,275	143
12	Landslide	Relatively Low	Relatively Low	$162	n/a	$11,724	$11,886	0		No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).
13	Earthquake	Very Low	Very Low	$4,716	n/a	$403	$5,118			Storm Events does not record earthquakes.
	Hurricane	Not Applicable	Not Applicable					0	NRI rates hurricane Not Applicable for this county, and no counted federal declaration for this county names it (EM-3245-NE names it but is not counted as a local occurrence; see B1-d).	No recorded events in Storm Events since 1996 (data through 2026-06-30).

Total = buildings + agriculture + population equivalence; FEMA values each expected death (or 10 injuries) at $13.7 million (2024 dollars).

NRI risk rating combines expected annual loss with social vulnerability and community resilience; EAL rating rates expected annual loss alone. Both compare this county with all U.S. counties.

Local data needed: state and local wildfire and landslide records (Storm Events records these hazards only in part).

Not applicable to this county per NRI, with no federal declaration and no Storm Events record since 1996: avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami and volcanic activity. That is the evidence for leaving them out of the plan.

The state hazard mitigation plan also lists hazards for this county; FEMA asks the plan to explain any hazard it leaves out.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-b: hazard location

Affects the whole county (national data give no location within it): Cold Wave, Drought, Hail, Heat Wave, Ice Storm, Lightning, Strong Wind and Winter Weather.

Inland Flooding: The FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is the required location source for flooding. See the FEMA Flood Map Service Center (https://msc.fema.gov) for this county.

Hazards that vary within the county: highest-rated census tracts

Source: 5

Hazard	Highest-rated census tractsNRI risk rating, score 0 to 100
Earthquake	tract 9778 (Very Low, 12.9); tract 9776 (Very Low, 9.3)
Hurricane	no tract has a National Risk Index rating for this hazard
Landslide	tract 9776 (Relatively Moderate, 98.1); tract 9778 (Relatively Low, 88.7)
Tornado	tract 9778 (Very High, 94.1); tract 9776 (Very High, 93.9)
Wildfire	tract 9776 (Relatively Moderate, 95.1); tract 9778 (Relatively Moderate, 94.0)

Up to 3 census tracts per hazard, highest National Risk Index rating first, then highest score; a tract number is the Census tract number (for example 9778 is Census Tract 9778). FEMA's Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool maps the National Risk Index for every tract: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/resilience-analysis-and-planning-tool

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-c: hazard extent

Extent: scale, observed range and worst recorded event per hazard

Sources: 6, 7

Hazard	Scale	Recordscount and years	Observed range	Worst recorded event	Most damaging (when different)	How it applies to jurisdictions	Note
Cold/Wind Chill, Extreme Cold/Wind Chill	wind chill	20 records, 1996 to 2025 (20 zone-level)	1 day to 5 days (median 2 days); 18 with a recorded value	5 consecutive days, 2024-01-12 to 2024-01-16, zone-level		Countywide (zone-level records).
Frost/Freeze (outside NRI's Cold Wave definition)	crop damage	0
Drought	U.S. Drought Monitor scale (D0 to D4)	59 records, 1999 to 2026 (59 zone-level)	61 days to 652 days (median 144.5 days); 8 with a recorded value	652 days (about 21.4 months), 2022-03-15 to 2023-12-26, a run of 22 consecutive Storm Events drought records, zone-level	Drought, 2022-08-01, property not reported; $6,480,000 crops (zone total, 2022 dollars)	Countywide (zone-level records).	Storm Events enters a drought at D2 or worse east of the Rockies and D3 or worse from the Rockies west (NWS Instruction 10-1605); NRI drought counts D3 and D4 only.
Earthquake	Modified Mercalli (local data)	0					Storm Events does not record earthquakes; the USGS earthquake catalog is the source.
Hail	hail size (inches)	177 records, 1961 to 2026	0.75 in to 4.25 in (median 1 in); 177 with a recorded value	4.25 in hail, 2011-08-18	Hail, 1996-07-16, $100,000 property; $2,000,000 crops (1996 dollars)	Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Newcastle village (36 records), Dixon village (23 records), Ponca city (23 records), Wakefield city (15 records), Martinsburg village (13 records), Allen village (12 records), Concord village (12 records), Maskell village (11 records), Waterbury village (5 records).
Excessive Heat, Heat	heat index (in event narratives)	27 records, 1999 to 2026 (27 zone-level)	1 day to 7 days (median 2 days); 25 with a recorded value	7 consecutive days, 2012-07-18 to 2012-07-24, zone-level		Countywide (zone-level records).
Hurricane, Tropical Storm, Tropical Depression	Saffir-Simpson	0					Storm Events files every zone of a storm's episode under the storm's type; flooding from the storm is filed as Flood or Flash Flood records.
Ice Storm	Sperry-Piltz ice scale (local data)	3 records, 1996 to 2017 (3 zone-level)		No damage reported in 3 records.		Countywide (zone-level records).
Flash Flood, Flood, Lakeshore Flood	damage and flood days (flood depth: FIRM)	37 records, 1996 to 2025		Flood, 2019-03-13, $3,500,000 property; $0 crops (2019 dollars)		Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Newcastle village (14 records), Ponca city (10 records), Maskell village (7 records), Dixon village (4 records), Wakefield city (4 records), Allen village (3 records), Concord village (3 records), Martinsburg village (2 records), Waterbury village (1 record).	Flood depth: see the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map. Storm Events damage is often $0 or blank for floods, major ones included; FEMA Public Assistance by declaration (B1-d) shows which floods cost the most.
Debris Flow	none (count and damage only)	0
Lightning	annualized frequency (the measure FEMA's Local Mitigation Planning Handbook names)	2 records, 2001 to 2003		Lightning, 2003-06-27, $5,000 property; crops not reported (2003 dollars)		Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Dixon village (1 record).	Storm Events lists lightning with damage or casualties.
High Wind and Strong Wind (outside NRI's Strong Wind definition)	wind speed (kt and mph)	34 records, 1996 to 2026 (34 zone-level)	29 kt (33 mph) to 63 kt (72 mph) (median 50 kt (58 mph)); 33 with a recorded value	63 kt (72 mph) measured gust, High Wind, 2025-12-10; NWS zone NEZ013	High Wind, 1996-10-26, $40,000 property; crops not reported (zone total, 1996 dollars)	Countywide (zone-level records).
Thunderstorm Wind	wind speed (kt and mph)	130 records, 1967 to 2025	50 kt (58 mph) to 78 kt (90 mph) (median 56 kt (64 mph)); 112 with a recorded value	78 kt (90 mph) estimated gust, Thunderstorm Wind, 2022-05-12; same speed and measurement basis also recorded on 2022-05-12	Thunderstorm Wind, 1994-04-25, $500,000 property; crops not recorded (1994 dollars)	Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Ponca city (24 records), Newcastle village (21 records), Dixon village (13 records), Allen village (9 records), Martinsburg village (9 records), Wakefield city (9 records), Concord village (5 records), Maskell village (5 records), Waterbury village (2 records).
Tornado	Enhanced Fujita (Fujita before Feb 2007)	23 records, 1953 to 2014	F/EF0 to F/EF4 (median F/EF0); 23 with a recorded value	F4 tornado, 1986-07-28, 20 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 73 yd wide, $25,000,000 property; crops not recorded (1986 dollars)		Event records naming jurisdictions in the plan: Allen village (3 records), Dixon village (2 records), Ponca city (2 records), Wakefield city (2 records), Concord village (1 record), Martinsburg village (1 record), Maskell village (1 record), Newcastle village (1 record), Waterbury village (1 record).	Before 1996 a tornado is listed once, under the county where it began, with its whole path's rating and length; from 1996 on, each county lists its own segment. Length is not used to rank tornadoes (see Methods).
Wildfire	acres burned (local data)	0
Winter Storm, Heavy Snow, Blizzard, Lake-Effect Snow, Winter Weather, Sleet	none in data (snowfall: local data)	143 records, 1996 to 2026 (143 zone-level)		Blizzard, 1998-11-10, $25,000 property; crops not reported (1998 dollars); NWS zone NEZ013		Countywide (zone-level records).

In event narratives only (local data needed): wind chill, temperature, heat index, ice thickness, acres burned and snow depth; any physical measure of debris flow and lightning.

Storm Events records are more complete after 1996; before 1996 only Tornado (from 1950), Hail and Thunderstorm Wind (from 1955) exist. Zone-level records from zones that no NWS zone-county file places in this county (mostly before 2020) are not counted here (the Methods page explains the zone matching).

Dollars are nominal (as reported), labeled with the year; not adjusted for inflation.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-d: previous occurrences

Federal declarations for this county: 19 declarations covering 15 separate hazard incidents counted in this packet (declarations for the same incident count once; non-natural and evacuation-only declarations are not counted).

Federal disaster declarations for this county

Sources: 1, 2, 3

Declared	Incident began	FEMA number	Type	Title	Mapped hazard	County Public Assistancefederal share obligated, nominal dollars	Flags	Notes
2022-07-27	2022-05-12	DR-4662-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms and Straight-Line Winds	Strong Wind	no Public Assistance recorded	within last 5 years
2020-04-04	2020-01-20	DR-4521-NE	Major disaster	COVID-19 Pandemic	Non-natural, not counted	$5,819.30
2020-03-13	2020-01-20	EM-3483-NE	Emergency	COVID-19	Non-natural, not counted	no Public Assistance recorded		same incident as DR-4521
2019-03-21	2019-03-09	DR-4420-NE	Major disaster	Severe Winter Storm, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding	Inland Flooding (primary); also designated: Strong Wind, Winter Weather	$1,221,529.59
2018-08-27	2018-06-17	DR-4387-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding	Inland Flooding; Strong Wind; Tornado	$817,128.30
2014-07-24	2014-06-14	DR-4183-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding	Inland Flooding; Strong Wind; Tornado	$478,379.87
2013-11-26	2013-10-02	DR-4156-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms, Winter Storms, Tornadoes and Flooding	Inland Flooding; Tornado; Winter Weather	$9,232.10
2011-08-12	2011-05-24	DR-4013-NE	Major disaster	Flooding	Inland Flooding	none placed in this county by FEMA's record; $26,849.36 for this declaration is not placed in any county (see the state page)
2011-06-18	2011-06-17	EM-3323-NE	Emergency	Flooding	Inland Flooding	no Public Assistance recorded		same incident as DR-4013
2010-04-21	2010-03-06	DR-1902-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms, Ice Jams, and Flooding	Inland Flooding	no Public Assistance recorded
2010-02-25	2009-12-22	DR-1878-NE	Major disaster	Severe Winter Storms and Snowstorm	Winter Weather	$17,825.12
2009-07-31	2009-06-05	DR-1853-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms, Flooding, and Tornadoes	Inland Flooding; Tornado	no Public Assistance recorded
2007-01-07	2006-12-19	DR-1674-NE	Major disaster	Severe Winter Storms	Winter Weather	no Public Assistance recorded
2005-09-13	2005-08-29	EM-3245-NE	Emergency	Hurricane Katrina Evacuees	Hurricane: evacuation support, not a local hazard event; not counted	no Public Assistance recorded
2003-07-21	2003-06-09	DR-1480-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms and Tornadoes	Tornado	no Public Assistance recorded
1984-07-03	1984-06-11	DR-716-NE	Major disaster	Tornadoes & Flooding	Tornado (primary); also designated: Inland Flooding	no Public Assistance recorded
1971-07-07	1971-07-07	DR-308-NE	Major disaster	Floods	Inland Flooding	no Public Assistance recorded
1971-02-23	1971-02-23	DR-303-NE	Major disaster	Floods	Inland Flooding	no Public Assistance recorded
1967-07-18	1967-07-18	DR-228-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms & Flooding	Inland Flooding	no Public Assistance recorded

County Public Assistance: applicants the FEMA record places in this county, including any state agencies FEMA files there; statewide rows are listed on the state page; federal share obligated, nominal dollars.

Statewide declarations

Source: 2

Declared	Incident began	FEMA number	Type	Title	Mapped hazard
1964-07-20	1964-07-20	DR-174-NE	Major disaster	Severe Storms & Flooding	Inland Flooding
1963-07-17	1963-07-17	DR-156-NE	Major disaster	Heavy Rains & Flooding	Inland Flooding
1962-09-05	1962-09-05	DR-134-NE	Major disaster	Floods	Inland Flooding
1962-05-10	1962-05-10	DR-131-NE	Major disaster	Floods	Inland Flooding
1960-04-04	1960-04-04	DR-98-NE	Major disaster	Floods	Inland Flooding

FEMA recorded these with designated area Statewide and no county, so they are listed on every county page in the state and not counted with county rows. Local data needed: whether each one affected this county.

Public Assistance not placed in any Nebraska county: 7 rows, $3,747,676.55; listed on the Nebraska state page.

Source: 3

Previous occurrences by hazard, with explicit no-event rows

Sources: 2, 6, 7

Hazard	Storm Events records, all years on file(years in the Period column)	Since plan approvalrecords	In the 12 months before plan approvalrecords	Last 5 yearsrecords	Declared incidents, all yearsseparate disasters	Period	Statement
Cold Wave	20	0	3	8	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Drought	59	5	6	33	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Earthquake	0	0	0	0	0		Storm Events does not record earthquakes; the USGS earthquake catalog is the source.
Hail	177	4	8	20	0	1955 to 2026-06-30
Heat Wave	27	2	5	13	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Hurricane	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Ice Storm	3	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Inland Flooding	37	0	3	8	11	1996 to 2026-06-30
Landslide	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Lightning	2	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30
Strong Wind	164	6	13	34	4	1955 to 2026-06-30	Includes 31 High Wind and 3 Strong Wind records.
Tornado	23	0	0	0	6	1950 to 2026-06-30
Wildfire	0	0	0	0	0	1996 to 2026-06-30	No recorded events, 1996 to 2026-06-30, NOAA NCEI Storm Events
Winter Weather	143	4	5	29	4	1996 to 2026-06-30

Notable Storm Events records

Sources: 1, 6, 7

Date	Event type	Magnitude or extent	Damagenominal dollars	Deaths, injuriesdirect only	Location	Flags	Why listed
2025-12-10	High Wind	63 kt (72 mph) measured gust	damage not reported	0, 0	NWS zone NEZ013 (DIXON), zone-level	new since last plan; within last 5 years	B1-c worst recorded: High Wind and Strong Wind
2024-01-12	Extreme Cold/Wind Chill		damage not reported	0, 0	NWS zone NEZ013 (DIXON), zone-level	within last 5 years	B1-c worst recorded: Cold/Wind Chill, Extreme Cold/Wind Chill
2022-05-12	Thunderstorm Wind	78 kt (90 mph) estimated gust	damage not reported	0, 0	NEWCASTLE	within last 5 years	B1-c worst recorded: Thunderstorm Wind
2022-03-15	Drought		damage not reported	0, 0	NWS zone NEZ013 (DIXON), zone-level	within last 5 years	B1-c worst recorded: Drought
2019-03-13	Flood		$3,500,000 property; $0 crops (2019 dollars)	0, 0	WAKEFIELD to EMERSON		B1-c worst recorded: Flash Flood, Flood, Lakeshore Flood
2012-07-18	Excessive Heat		$0 property; $0 crops (zone total, 2012 dollars)	0, 0	NWS zone NEZ013 (DIXON), zone-level		B1-c worst recorded: Excessive Heat, Heat
2011-08-18	Hail	4.25 in	$100,000 property; crops not reported (2011 dollars)	0, 0	MARTINSBURG		B1-c worst recorded: Hail
2003-06-27	Lightning		$5,000 property; crops not reported (2003 dollars)	0, 0	EMERSON		B1-c worst recorded: Lightning
2002-07-25	Thunderstorm Wind	69 kt (79 mph) estimated	damage not reported	0, 1	PONCA		deaths or injuries recorded
1998-11-10	Blizzard		$25,000 property; crops not reported (zone total, 1998 dollars)	0, 0	NWS zone NEZ013 (DIXON), zone-level		B1-c worst recorded: Winter Storm, Heavy Snow, Blizzard, Lake-Effect Snow, Winter Weather, Sleet
1986-07-28	Tornado	F4, 20 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 73 yd wide	$25,000,000 property; crops not recorded (1986 dollars)	0, 0	location not recorded		B1-c worst recorded: Tornado
1953-06-07	Tornado	F0, 1.5 mi path length (whole path, pre-1996), 33 yd wide	$2,500 property; crops not recorded (1953 dollars)	0, 1	location not recorded		deaths or injuries recorded

The full list is in the Excel file, sheet "B1-d Storm Events history" (655 rows).

Location is the place NOAA recorded, as written in its data; it need not be a jurisdiction in this plan.

Local data needed: state-declared emergencies, from your state emergency management agency (federal data do not include them).

Tribal and special-area declarations in this state are listed on the state page.

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-e: probability of future events

Probability: FEMA annualized frequency and descriptor per hazard

Sources: 5, 6

Hazard	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)unit per row	Unit	In plain terms	Descriptor	Descriptor basis	NRI events or days in its record period (hail, wind and tornado are area-weighted, so can be fractional)	NRI period	Location	Note
Cold Wave	6.16	event-days per year	about 6.16 days per year	Likely	Storm Events event-days in 12 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (40%)	117	2005-11-12 to 2024-11-12 (19 years)	countywide
Drought	35.9	event-days per year	about 35.9 days per year	Likely	Storm Events event-days in 10 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (33.3%)	1,148	2000 to 2025 (25.25 years; D3 and D4 only)	countywide
Earthquake	0.000495	annual probability at a location	chance a given location in the county has at least minor-damage shaking in a year: 0.0495%			not shown	modeled	see B1-f	No descriptor (Storm Events does not record earthquakes).
Hail	6.29	events per year	about 6.29 per year	Highly likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	239.1 (modeled)	1986 to 2023 (38 years)	countywide
Heat Wave	6.58	event-days per year	about 6.58 days per year	Likely	Storm Events event-days in 9 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (30%)	108	2005-11-12 to 2024-11-12 (19 years)	countywide
Hurricane		events per year					1851 to 2024 (Atlantic)	see B1-f	Not Applicable in NRI for this county; no descriptor.
Ice Storm	0.993	event-days per year	about 0.993 days per year	Likely	Storm Events event-days in 3 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (10%)	67	1946-12-31 to 2014-02-12 (67 years)	countywide
Inland Flooding	0.964	event-days per year	about 0.964 days per year	Likely	Storm Events event-days in 16 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (53.3%)	27	1996 to 2023 (28 years)	see B1-f
Landslide	0.241	events per year (modeled)	about 1 in 4 years	Likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	not shown	modeled	see B1-f
Lightning	40.6	days per year with a strike	about 40.6 days per year	Highly likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	not shown	1995 to 2023 (29 years; CONUS)	countywide
Strong Wind	3.84	events per year	about 3.84 per year	Highly likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	147	1986 to 2023 (38 years)	countywide
Tornado	0.385	events per year	about 1 in 3 years	Likely	FEMA annualized frequency (modeled)	not shown	1950 to 2023 (EF2+); 1986 to 2023 (EF0-1)	see B1-f
Wildfire	0.00182	annual probability at a location	chance a given location in the county burns in a year: 0.182%		Storm Events records in 0 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (0%)	not shown	modeled	see B1-f	No descriptor: no Storm Events record 1996 to 2025
Winter Weather	15	event-days per year	about 15 days per year	Highly likely	Storm Events event-days in 30 of 30 years, 1996 to 2025 (100%)	285	2005-11-12 to 2024-11-12 (19 years)	countywide

FEMA annualized frequency (modeled) is the National Risk Index v1.20 (December 2025) estimate of how often a hazard affects this county in a year; it is not recorded events divided by years, and its unit differs by hazard (events, event-days, or days with a lightning strike per year). For earthquake, wildfire, coastal flooding and tsunami the value is the chance (or number of events) at a location in the county, not across the county, so no "1 in N years" is given and the descriptor comes from Storm Events where it has a record (none for earthquake). The Methods page gives each hazard's method, from FEMA's National Risk Index Technical Documentation v1.20.

Where NRI gives event-days, the descriptor comes from the share of years with a Storm Events record; NRI's source records more events, so the two differ.

Descriptor scale used in this packet (defined per unit)

Sources: 5, 6

Unit	Descriptor	Definition
events per year	Highly likely	1 or more per year
events per year	Likely	about once in 1 to 10 years
events per year	Possible	about once in 10 to 100 years
events per year	Unlikely	less than once in 100 years
annual probability	Likely	10% to under 100% chance in a given year
annual probability	Possible	1% to under 10% chance in a given year
annual probability	Unlikely	under 1% chance in a given year
event-days (share of years)	Highly likely	event-days recorded in 90% or more of years
event-days (share of years)	Likely	event-days recorded in 10% to under 90% of years
event-days (share of years)	Possible	event-days recorded in some years but under 10% of years
lightning strike-days	Highly likely	cloud-to-ground strikes on 1 or more days per year

Intensity bands: historical frequency (Storm Events)

Source: 6

Hazard	Band	Years	Eventscounty-coded records	Years in period	Events per yearevents / years
Hail	1.00-1.99 in	1996 to 2025	77	30	2.57
Hail	2.00 in+	1996 to 2025	8	30	0.267
Thunderstorm Wind (counted as NRI Strong Wind)	50-64 kt	1996 to 2025	85	30	2.83
Thunderstorm Wind (counted as NRI Strong Wind)	65 kt+	1996 to 2025	11	30	0.367
Thunderstorm Wind (counted as NRI Strong Wind)	unmeasured or below 50 kt	1996 to 2025	0	30	0
Tornado	EF0-1	1996 to 2025	10	30	0.333
Tornado	EF2-3	1996 to 2025	1	30	0.0333
Tornado	EF4-5	1996 to 2025	0	30	0
Tornado	unrated (EFU)	1996 to 2025	0	30	0

The bands show how often events of each severity were recorded in this county, to profile how severe events have been (FEMA's probability item asks for the range of intensities).

Hail smaller than 1 inch is not counted: on 2010-01-05 the National Weather Service raised its severe-hail threshold from 3/4 inch to 1 inch, so smaller reports became less common after 2009 (NWS Service Change Notice 09-52). NRI hail frequency uses a 0.75 inch threshold.

Optional: future conditions. Not a required item in the 2025 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide; some states ask for it. The federal Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) site gives county exposure to future climate conditions (https://resilience.climate.gov/).

Supports FEMA checklist item B1-f: hazards that vary across jurisdictions

Range of census tract risk within the county

Source: 5

Hazard	Tractsrated of all	NRI risk score, 0 to 100			Tracts by rating
Hazard	Tractsrated of all	Min	Median	Max	Tracts by rating
Cold Wave	2 of 2	71.4	72.1	72.7	Relatively Moderate 2
Drought	2 of 2	98.4	98.5	98.6	Relatively High 2
Earthquake	2 of 2	9.3	11.1	12.9	Very Low 2
Hail	2 of 2	98.8	99.1	99.4	Very High 2
Heat Wave	2 of 2	77.9	78.3	78.8	Relatively Moderate 2
Hurricane	0 of 2				Not Applicable 2
Ice Storm	2 of 2	88.3	88.7	89.0	Relatively Moderate 2
Inland Flooding	2 of 2	68.7	77.2	85.8	Relatively High 1, Relatively Moderate 1
Landslide	2 of 2	88.7	93.4	98.1	Relatively Moderate 1, Relatively Low 1
Lightning	2 of 2	61.6	62.7	63.7	Relatively Moderate 2
Strong Wind	2 of 2	93.9	94.1	94.2	Relatively High 2
Tornado	2 of 2	93.9	94.0	94.1	Very High 2
Wildfire	2 of 2	94.0	94.6	95.1	Relatively Moderate 2
Winter Weather	2 of 2	89.4	90.3	91.3	Relatively High 2

Drought: Agriculture is all of NRI's expected annual loss for this hazard in the county, so the tract range mostly reflects where crop and livestock value is.

Hail: Agriculture is 84% of NRI's expected annual loss for this hazard in the county, so the tract range mostly reflects where crop and livestock value is.

Rated tracts only: No Rating (score 0.0), Not Applicable and Insufficient Data tracts are counted but not used for the minimum, median and maximum.

The score ranks a tract against all U.S. tracts (100 = highest). The rating is FEMA's category for the tract's risk value, computed differently, so the two can disagree.

Frequency data for cold wave, drought, hail, heat wave, ice storm, lightning, strong wind and winter weather are county-wide or coarse (49 km grid or NWS zone), the same for every jurisdiction; the tract range mostly reflects where buildings and people are (crop and livestock value where a line above names agriculture).

This county has 2 census tracts; the minimum, median and maximum come from those 2.

Each jurisdiction (starting figures from federal data)

Sources: 1, 3, 4, 6

Jurisdiction	Type	Plan status	Repetitive lossFMA RL and SRL (44 CFR 77.2); repeat-flood, any definition	Public Assistance to this jurisdictionFEMA records matched by applicant name; federal share obligated, nominal dollars	Event records naming this placeall years; since its plan
Dixon County	County	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$345,503.72	0 total; 0 since its plan
Allen village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$4,301.63	27 total; 1 since its plan
Concord village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$116,896.29	21 total; 1 since its plan
Dixon village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$1,015	43 total; 0 since its plan
Martinsburg village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	25 total; 0 since its plan
Maskell village	Village	Expired on 2026-07-17	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	24 total; 0 since its plan
Newcastle village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	72 total; 0 since its plan
Ponca city	City	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$80,678.83	59 total; 1 since its plan
Wakefield city	City	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	$9,298.31	30 total; 0 since its plan
Waterbury village	Village	Approved, expires 2030-08-11	FMA RL 0, SRL 0; any 0	no Public Assistance recorded	9 total; 0 since its plan

Repetitive-loss counts are for whole NFIP communities, which can extend beyond this county (see the note in B2-c).

School districts and special districts get a plan clock row only.

County Public Assistance in B1-d also includes applicants filed under the county that are not jurisdictions in this plan (for example state agencies, special districts and nonprofits), so the jurisdiction rows add up to less.

Supports FEMA checklist items B2-a and B2-b: vulnerability and potential impacts

Local data needed

The table below gives county-level starting figures; the plan describes impacts for each jurisdiction and its own assets.

Critical facilities and lifelines per hazard
A problem statement per jurisdiction per hazard
Changes in development in hazard-prone areas since the last approval, or a statement of none (E1-a)
Future assets

County-level starter: exposure, expected annual loss and damage since the plan

Sources: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

Hazard	Building exposuremodeled dollars	Agriculture exposuremodeled dollars	Population exposedpeople	EAL buildingsmodeled dollars per year	EAL agriculturemodeled dollars per year	Cost of expected deaths and injuriesFEMA's dollar value per year, not property damage	EAL as % of exposurebuildings; agriculture where noted	Zone-level damage since planproperty plus crops, reported for the zone	Note
Cold Wave	$1,858,177,545	$349,688,285	5,606	$153	$42,025	$205,868	under 0.0001%
Drought	n/a	$93,485,227	n/a	n/a	$885,360	n/a	0.947% (agriculture)	$0	NRI has no building exposure for this hazard; agriculture shown
Earthquake	$3,177,119,295	n/a	5,606	$4,716	n/a	$403	0.000148%
Hail	$1,858,177,545	$349,688,285	5,606	$127,170	$856,629	$36,874	0.00684%
Heat Wave	$1,858,177,545	$349,688,285	5,606	$3,953	$7	$194,752	0.000213%
Hurricane									Not Applicable in NRI for this county
Ice Storm	$1,858,177,545	n/a	5,606	$16,262	n/a	$41,423	0.000875%
Inland Flooding	$1,857,185,164	$2,245,204	53	$2,138,910	$4,764	$295	n/a (see note)		NRI counts the full building value of any census block with some flood loss; this is not the value of buildings in the floodplain. Use local FIRM overlays for B2-a/B2-b.
Landslide	$42,603,266	n/a	168	$162	n/a	$11,724	0.00038%
Lightning	$1,858,177,545	n/a	5,606	$6,298	n/a	$28,754	0.000339%
Strong Wind	$1,858,177,545	$349,688,285	5,606	$119,409	$49,831	$101,408	0.00643%
Tornado	$1,858,177,545	$349,688,285	5,606	$396,819	$14,181	$544,769	0.0214%
Wildfire	$315,746,602	$77,104,592	1,213	$191,592	$411	$6,604	0.0607%
Winter Weather	$1,858,177,545	$349,688,285	5,606	$30,312	$297	$3,667	0.00163%	$0

Totals since 2025-08-12 (Storm Events through 2026-06-30): 4 county-coded records, 0 with a damage value recorded (including $0), $0; 17 zone-level records, 2 with a damage value recorded (including $0), $0 reported for the zone; Public Assistance: no counted declaration since the plan.

FEMA does not split Public Assistance by hazard. A declaration mapped to several hazards is listed under each of them with its full amount, so the per-hazard column does not add up to the total; the unit total counts each declaration once.

NRI computes earthquake exposure on its own basis, so it exceeds the county building value in B2-a.

Supports FEMA checklist item B2-a: vulnerability (county context)

County context

Source: 5

Measure	Value
Population	5,606
Building value (total, not at risk)	$1,858,177,545
Agriculture value (total, not at risk)	$349,688,285
NRI risk rating (all hazards)	Very Low
Expected annual loss, buildings and agriculture, all hazards	$4,889,261
Expected annual loss, population equivalence, all hazards (NRI values each statistical life at $13.7M; a modeled value of expected deaths and injuries, not property damage)	$1,176,541
Social vulnerability rating	Very Low
Community resilience rating	Relatively Low
NRI version	December 2025

FEMA's all-hazard expected annual loss adds buildings, agriculture and population equivalence; this table gives the property part and the population-equivalence part as separate rows.

Social vulnerability: higher means people are more likely to be harmed and slower to recover. Community resilience: lower means the community is less able to recover. High social vulnerability and low resilience both raise the NRI risk rating.

Supports FEMA checklist item B2-c: repetitive loss properties

Repetitive loss in this county, both definitions

Sources: 1, 4

Definition	Properties	Severe repetitive loss	Properties
Repetitive loss, FMA definition (44 CFR 77.2)	0	Severe repetitive loss, FMA definition (44 CFR 77.2)	0
Repetitive loss, NFIP insurance definition	0	Severe repetitive loss, NFIP insurance definition	0

The state NFIP coordinator's list, the source FEMA's Handbook names, often uses the NFIP insurance definition (second row).

Repeat-flood properties: county and state-level rows

Sources: 1, 4

Scope	RL, FMAproperties	SRL, FMAproperties	RL, NFIPproperties	SRL, NFIPproperties	Any categoryproperties	Mitigatedproperties	Currently insuredproperties
County total	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Statewide, no county in FEMA's file	0	0	2	0	2	0	0

The statewide row counts properties FEMA's file gives with no county in this state; they are listed for reference and are not in this county's counts.

Repeat-flood properties by jurisdiction in the plan (NFIP community)

Sources: 1, 4

Jurisdiction	NFIP community ID	RL, FMAproperties	SRL, FMAproperties	RL, NFIPproperties	SRL, NFIPproperties	Any categoryproperties	Mitigatedproperties	Currently insuredproperties
Dixon County	310431	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Allen village	310244	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Concord village	310541	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dixon village	310542	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinsburg village	310543	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maskell village	310544	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newcastle village	310306	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ponca city	310067	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakefield city	310404	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waterbury village	310545	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Counts by occupancy group for each jurisdiction are in the Excel file, sheet "B2-c Jurisdictions".

Jurisdiction rows are whole NFIP communities and need not add up to the county total: a community that extends into another county is counted in full on each jurisdiction row, while the county table counts only its part in this county.

County repeat-flood properties by occupancy group: 0 in every occupancy group.

Sources: 1, 4

FMA RL and FMA SRL are the Flood Mitigation Assistance definitions (44 CFR 77.2), the ones the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide cites. NFIP repetitive loss (the FEMA insurance definition) is 2 or more claims over $1,000 in 10 years, and a property can leave that group once it is mitigated. Also shown: NFIP severe repetitive loss, any category, mitigated and currently insured. The Methods page gives the OpenFEMA field details.

Counts are aggregates of FEMA's public NFIP Multiple Loss Properties file (FEMA's data date 2026-08-02; file version 2026-08-04). No property is identified. County assignment is FEMA's geocode.

In this county 0 properties are FMA repetitive loss but not NFIP repetitive loss, and 0 properties are NFIP repetitive loss but not FMA repetitive loss.

Exact counts; no count suppression.

Sources

Tables cite these sources by number. The full list, for the plan's bibliography (FEMA review item A4-a):

FEMA, OpenFEMA HazardMitigationPlanStatuses v1, version 2026-09-29T134039Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v1/HazardMitigationPlanStatuses (API)
FEMA, OpenFEMA DisasterDeclarationsSummaries v2, version 2026-09-29T162832Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v2/DisasterDeclarationsSummaries (API)
FEMA, OpenFEMA PublicAssistanceFundedProjectsSummaries v1, version 2026-09-29T150754Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v1/PublicAssistanceFundedProjectsSummaries (API)
FEMA, OpenFEMA NfipMultipleLossProperties v1, version 2026-08-04T164045Z, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/api/open/v1/NfipMultipleLossProperties (API)
FEMA, FEMA National Risk Index 1.20.0 (December 2025), county and census tract tables, version 1.20.0, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.fema.gov/about/reports-and-data/openfema/nri/v120/NRI_Table_Counties.zip (download, 25 MB), https://www.fema.gov/about/reports-and-data/openfema/nri/v120/NRI_Table_CensusTracts.zip (download, 635 MB)
NOAA NCEI, NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, details files (csvfiles v1.0), version c20260918, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/swdi/stormevents/csvfiles/
NOAA National Weather Service, NWS county-public forecast zones correlation file, version bp03mr20 to bp16ap26 (11 files; newest bp16ap26), pulled 2026-09-30, https://www.weather.gov/gis/ZoneCounty
U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2024 Gazetteer, 2020 place by county, CT county-to-cousub crosswalk, version 2024-gazetteer, pulled 2026-09-30, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_counties_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_cousubs_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_place_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_unsd_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_elsd_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_Gaz_scsd_national.zip, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/codes2020/national_place_by_county2020.txt, https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/ct_change/ct_cou_to_cousub_crosswalk.xlsx (used to match place names and codes; no table prints its values)

What this packet is and what the plan adds

This packet is the federal data for the plan's risk assessment (the summary on page 1 says how it is organized); the plan and FEMA's review decide whether each item is met.

The plan adds what only the community has: local data on assets, critical facilities, development and each jurisdiction's impacts; local hazard history, including state-declared emergencies; the mitigation strategy; and adoption.

How the federal data are built: National Risk Index values are FEMA's model, not counts of events. Storm Events is more complete from 1996; zone-level records are placed by forecast zone, not by location in the county. Public Assistance for a jurisdiction is matched by applicant name. The Methods page gives every rule and the known edge cases.

OpenFEMA disclaimer

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

Reuse, citation and corrections

Reuse and citation: Hazard Plain text and tables are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); credit Hazard Plain and the release. The underlying federal data are public domain; OpenFEMA data are also subject to the OpenFEMA terms and conditions.

Cite this: Hazard Plain (2026). Dixon County, NE: risk-assessment baseline packet, release 2026-10 (data as of 2026-09-30; County FIPS 31051). Automated baseline. https://hazardplain.org/ne/31051/ Built from FEMA OpenFEMA, the FEMA National Risk Index and NOAA NCEI Storm Events; source versions in the packet's Sources list.

Corrections: to report an error, name the packet, the table and what your records show. Contact: [email protected]